Publications
Publications in Conference Proceedings and Workshops
2025
- Teleoperating Autonomous Vehicles over Commercial 5G Networks: Are We There Yet?Rostand A. K. Fezeu, Jason Carpenter, Rushikesh Zende, and 9 more authors2025
Remote driving, or teleoperating Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), is a key application that emerging 5G networks aim to support. In this paper, we conduct a systematic feasibility study of AV teleoperation over commercial 5G networks from both cross-layer and end-to-end (E2E) perspectives. Given the critical importance of timely delivery of sensor data, such as camera and LiDAR data, for AV teleoperation, we focus in particular on the performance of uplink sensor data delivery. We analyze the impacts of Physical Layer (PHY layer) 5G radio network factors, including channel conditions, radio resource allocation, and Handovers (HOs), on E2E latency performance. We also examine the impacts of 5G networks on the performance of upper-layer protocols and E2E application Quality-of-Experience (QoE) adaptation mechanisms used for real-time sensor data delivery, such as Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) and Web Real Time Communication (WebRTC). Our study reveals the challenges posed by today’s 5G networks and the limitations of existing sensor data streaming mechanisms. The insights gained will help inform the co-design of future-generation wireless networks, edge cloud systems, and applications to overcome the low-latency barriers in AV teleoperation.
@misc{teleop, title = {Teleoperating Autonomous Vehicles over Commercial 5G Networks: Are We There Yet?}, author = {Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Carpenter, Jason and Zende, Rushikesh and Lalitaditya Divakarla, Sree Ganesh and Varyani, Nitin and Bilal, Faaiq and Sleder, Steven and Naik, Nanditha and Joly, Duncan and Gurumadaiah, Ajay Kumar and Ramadan, Eman and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, year = {2025}, eprint = {2507.20438}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, primaryclass = {cs.NI}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20438}, } - A Peek into 5G NSA vs. SA Control Plane PerformanceRostand A. K. Fezeu, Jason Carpenter, Eman Ramadan, and 6 more authorsIn Proceedings of the 26th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, La Quinta, CA, USA, 2025
The Stand-Alone (SA) 5G deployment mode promises many benefits over the Non-Stand-Alone (NSA) 5G mode, such as improved throughput, lower latency, and more architectural flexibility, to better support future emerging applications such as AR/VR, IoT, and teleoperated driving. These promised improvements also extend to the control plane operations of 5G-SA, such as attachment/registration procedures to mobile networks, mobility, and security management to provide better user quality-of-experience (QoE). Most of the existing work explores the data plane and end-to-end performance of 5G. In this paper, we investigate and quantify the performance differences in the control plane of 5G-SA compared to 5G-NSA. Our results indicate that 5G-SA mostly has a worse (i.e., slower) control performance (by 16.6% for attachment/registration, PDU session establishment and 64.3% RRC procedure), unlike expectations, raising questions about current (virtualized) 5G-SA deployment and core network functionality placement.
@inproceedings{10.1145/3708468.3711877, author = {Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Carpenter, Jason and Ramadan, Eman and Bilal, Faaiq and Wu, Ziyan and Naik, Nanditha and Joly, Duncan and Cuppah, Dehkontee Chea and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, title = {A Peek into 5G NSA vs. SA Control Plane Performance}, year = {2025}, isbn = {9798400714030}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3708468.3711877}, doi = {10.1145/3708468.3711877}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications}, pages = {49–54}, numpages = {6}, keywords = {5G, Control Plane, Dataset, Network Measurement, Non-Stand-Alone (NSA), Performance, Signaling, Stand-Alone (SA), User Plane}, location = {La Quinta, CA, USA}, series = {HotMobile '25}, } - Ai/ml-based sensing-assisted energy-efficient communications in next-gen cellular networksMoinak Ghoshal, Abbas Kiani, Amanda Xiang, and 4 more authorsIn IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC2025-Fall, 2025., Chengdu, China, 2025
@inproceedings{vtc, title = {Ai/ml-based sensing-assisted energy-efficient communications in next-gen cellular networks}, author = {Ghoshal, Moinak and Kiani, Abbas and Xiang, Amanda and Kaippallimalil, John and Saboorian, Tony and Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Ansari, Nirwan}, year = {2025}, publisher = {Global Symposium on Mobility Innovation}, booktitle = {IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC2025-Fall, 2025.}, location = {Chengdu, China}, } - POSTER: Impact of 5G Mobility on Teleoperation of CAVRushikesh Zende, Sree Ganesh Lalitaditya Divakarla, Jason Carpenter, and 4 more authorsIn Global Symposium on Mobility Innovation CCAT ’24, MI, USA, 2025
@inproceedings{ccat3, title = {POSTER: Impact of 5G Mobility on Teleoperation of CAV}, author = {Zende, Rushikesh and Lalitaditya Divakarla, Sree Ganesh and Carpenter, Jason and Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Kumar Gurumadiah, Ajay and Ramadan, Eman and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, year = {2025}, publisher = {Global Symposium on Mobility Innovation}, booktitle = {Global Symposium on Mobility Innovation CCAT '24}, location = {MI, USA}, }
2024
- Roaming across the European Union in the 5G Era: Performance, Challenges, and OpportunitiesIn IEEE INFOCOM 2024 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, May 2024
Roaming provides users with voice and data connectivity when traveling abroad. This is particularly the case in Europe where the "Roam like Home" policy established by the European Union in 2017 has made roaming affordable. Nonetheless, due to various policies employed by operators, roaming can incur considerable performance penalties as shown in past studies of 3G/4G networks. As 5G provides significantly higher bandwidth, how does roaming affect user-perceived performance? We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first comprehensive and comparative measurement study of commercial 5G in four European countries.Our measurement study is unique in the way it makes it possible to link key 5G mid-band channels and configuration parameters ("policies") used by various operators in these countries with their effect on the observed 5G performance from the network (in particular, the physical and MAC layers) and applications perspectives. Our measurement study not only portrays users’ observed quality of experience when roaming, but also provides guidance to optimize the network configuration and to users and application developers in choosing mobile operators. Moreover, our contribution provides the research community with the largest cross-country roaming 5G dataset to stimulate further research.
@inproceedings{10621234, author = {Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Fiandrino, Claudio and Ramadan, Eman and Carpenter, Jason and Chen, Daqing and Tan, Yiling and Qian, Feng and Widmer, Joerg and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, booktitle = {IEEE INFOCOM 2024 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications}, title = {Roaming across the European Union in the 5G Era: Performance, Challenges, and Opportunities}, year = {2024}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {2378-2387}, keywords = {Knowledge engineering;5G mobile communication;Atmospheric measurements;Europe;Bandwidth;Particle measurements;Quality of experience;5G Roaming;Mid-band 5G;5G Throughput;5G RAN;Roaming;Dataset}, doi = {10.1109/INFOCOM52122.2024.10621234}, issn = {2641-9874}, month = may, } - Unveiling the 5G Mid-Band Landscape: From Network Deployment to Performance and Application QoEIn Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference, Sydney, NSW, Australia, May 2024
5G in mid-bands has become the dominant deployment of choice in the world. We present - to the best of our knowledge - the first comprehensive and comparative cross-country measurement study of commercial mid-band 5G deployments in Europe and the U.S., filling a gap in the existing 5G measurement studies. We unveil the key 5G mid-band channels and configuration parameters used by various operators in these countries, and identify the major factors that impact the observed 5G performance both from the network (physical layer) perspective as well as the application perspective. We characterize and compare 5G mid-band throughput and latency performance by dissecting the 5G configurations, lower-layer parameters as well as deployment settings. By cross-correlating 5G parameters with the application decision process, we demonstrate how 5G parameters affect application QoE metrics and suggest a simple approach for QoE enhancement. Our study sheds light on how to better configure and optimize 5G mid-band networks, and provides guidance to users and application developers on operator choices and application QoE tuning. We released the datasets and artifacts at https://github.com/SIGCOMM24-5GinMidBands/artifacts.
@inproceedings{10.1145/3651890.3672269, author = {Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Fiandrino, Claudio and Ramadan, Eman and Carpenter, Jason and de Freitas, Lilian Coelho and Bilal, Faaiq and Ye, Wei and Widmer, Joerg and Qian, Feng and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, title = {Unveiling the 5G Mid-Band Landscape: From Network Deployment to Performance and Application QoE}, year = {2024}, isbn = {9798400706141}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3651890.3672269}, doi = {10.1145/3651890.3672269}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference}, pages = {358–372}, numpages = {15}, keywords = {5G, 5G mid-band, 5G mmWave, mid-band vs. mmWave, PHY layer, measurement, latency, video streaming, performance, QoE, dataset}, location = {Sydney, NSW, Australia}, series = {ACM SIGCOMM '24}, } - Dissecting Carrier Aggregation in 5G Networks: Measurement, QoE Implications and PredictionWei Ye, Xinyue Hu, Steven Sleder, and 9 more authorsIn Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference, Sydney, NSW, Australia, May 2024
By aggregating multiple channels, Carrier Aggregation (CA) is an important technology for boosting cellular network bandwidth. Given diverse radio bands made available in 5G networks, CA plays a particularly critical role in achieving the goal of multi-Gbps throughput performance. In this paper, we carry out a timely comprehensive measurement study of CA deployment in commercial 5G networks (as well as 4G networks). We identify the key factors that influence whether CA is deployed and when, as well as which band combinations are used. Thus, we reveal the challenges posed by CA in 5G performance analysis and prediction as well as their implications in application quality-of-experience (QoE). We argue for and develop a novel CA-aware deep learning framework, dubbed Prism5G, which explicitly accounts for the complexity introduced by CA to more effectively predict 5G network throughput performance. Through extensive evaluations, we demonstrate the superiority of Prism5G over existing throughput prediction algorithms. Prism5G improves 5G throughput prediction accuracy by over 14% on average and a maximum of 22%. Using two use cases as examples, we further illustrate how Prism5G can aid applications in optimizing QoE performance.
@inproceedings{10.1145/3651890.3672250, author = {Ye, Wei and Hu, Xinyue and Sleder, Steven and Zhang, Anlan and Dayalan, Udhaya Kumar and Hassan, Ahmad and Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Jajoo, Akshay and Lee, Myungjin and Ramadan, Eman and Qian, Feng and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, title = {Dissecting Carrier Aggregation in 5G Networks: Measurement, QoE Implications and Prediction}, year = {2024}, isbn = {9798400706141}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3651890.3672250}, doi = {10.1145/3651890.3672250}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference}, pages = {340–357}, numpages = {18}, keywords = {carrier aggregation, 4G, 5G, network measurement, mobile network throughput prediction, deep learning}, location = {Sydney, NSW, Australia}, series = {ACM SIGCOMM '24}, } - POSTER: Cross-Layer Feasibility Study of AV Teleoperations on 5G NetworksNitin Varyani, Jason Carpenter, Steven Sleder, and 4 more authorsIn Global Symposium on Mobility Innovation CCAT ’24, MI, USA, May 2024
@inproceedings{ccat1, title = {POSTER: Cross-Layer Feasibility Study of AV Teleoperations on 5G Networks}, author = {Varyani, Nitin and Carpenter, Jason and Sleder, Steven and Ye, Wei and Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Ramadan, Eman and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, year = {2024}, publisher = {Global Symposium on Mobility Innovation}, booktitle = {Global Symposium on Mobility Innovation CCAT '24}, location = {MI, USA}, } - POSTER: Impact of Data Compression on AI Perception Tasks for Teleoperated Autonomous VehiclesNitin Varyani, Jason Carpenter, Steven Sleder, and 4 more authorsIn Global Symposium on Mobility Innovation CCAT ’24, MI, USA, May 2024
@inproceedings{ccat2, title = {POSTER: Impact of Data Compression on AI Perception Tasks for Teleoperated Autonomous Vehicles}, author = {Varyani, Nitin and Carpenter, Jason and Sleder, Steven and Ye, Wei and Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Ramadan, Eman and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, year = {2024}, publisher = {Global Symposium on Mobility Innovation}, booktitle = {Global Symposium on Mobility Innovation CCAT '24}, location = {MI, USA}, }
2023
- Kaala 2.0: Scalable IoT/NextG System SimulatorUdhaya Kumar Dayalan, Timothy J. Salo, Rostand A. K. Fezeu, and 1 more authorIEEE Network, May 2023
The IoT world is evolving with the latest technology trends, like edge computing, augmented & virtual reality, machine learning, robotics, and 5G. With the digital transformation happening in Industry 4.0, many industries are moving toward private 5G networks. There are massive number (hundreds to thousands) of IoT devices in a single factory depending on the scale of the industry and these factories consists of critical IoT devices, like fire or gas sensors which need to operate reliably with less latency. To efficiently realize the capabilities, such as ultra reliable low latency communications (URLLC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC) offered by 5G, the next generation IoT devices/applications need a paradigm shift in their design and need to be evaluated under simulation using 5G networks before getting deployed in the real-world. However, many IoT simulators run in isolation and do not interface with real-world IoT cloud systems or support 5G networks. This isolation makes it difficult to design, develop and evaluate IoT applications for industrial automation systems and for experiments to fully replicate the diversity that exists in end-to-end, real-world systems using 5G networks. Kaala 2.0 is the first scalable, hybrid, end-to-end IoT and NextG system simulator that can integrate with real-world IoT cloud services through simulated or real-world 5G networks. Kaala 2.0 is intended to bridge the gap between IoT simulation experiments and the real world using 5G networks. The simulator can interact with cloud IoT services, such as those offered by Amazon, Microsoft, and Google. Depending on the configuration, Kaala 2.0 supports simulation of User Equipment (UE), 5G Radio Access Network (RAN) and 5G Core and at the same time support real-world User Equipment (UE), 5G Radio Access Network (RAN) and 5G Core. Kaala 2.0 can simulate many diverse IoT devices to evaluate mMTC, simulate events that may simultaneously affect several sensors to evaluate URLLC and finally simulate large amount of data to evaluate eMBB.
@article{10242317, author = {Dayalan, Udhaya Kumar and Salo, Timothy J. and Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, journal = {IEEE Network}, title = {Kaala 2.0: Scalable IoT/NextG System Simulator}, year = {2023}, volume = {37}, number = {3}, pages = {240-246}, keywords = {Industries;Cloud computing;5G mobile communication;Service robots;Virtual reality;Ultra reliable low latency communication;Production facilities}, doi = {10.1109/MNET.002.2200498}, issn = {1558-156X}, month = may, } - Mid-Band 5G: A Measurement Study in Europe and USRostand A. K. Fezeu, Jason Carpenter, Claudio Fiandrino, and 5 more authorsMay 2023
@misc{fezeu2023midband5gmeasurementstudy, title = {Mid-Band 5G: A Measurement Study in Europe and US}, author = {Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Carpenter, Jason and Fiandrino, Claudio and Ramadan, Eman and Ye, Wei and Widmer, Joerg and Qian, Feng and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2310.11000}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, primaryclass = {cs.NI}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.11000}, } - An In-Depth Measurement Analysis of 5G mmWave PHY Latency and Its Impact on End-to-End DelayRostand A. K. Fezeu, Eman Ramadan, Wei Ye, and 8 more authorsIn Passive and Active Measurement, May 2023
5G aims to offer not only significantly higher throughput than previous generations of cellular networks, but also promises millisecond (ms) and sub-millisecond (ultra-)low latency support at the 5G physical (PHY) layer for future applications. While prior measurement studies have confirmed that commercial 5G deployments can achieve up to several Gigabits per second (Gbps) throughput (especially with the mmWave 5G radio), are they able to deliver on the (sub) millisecond latency promise? With this question in mind, we conducted to our knowledge the first in-depth measurement study of commercial 5G mmWave PHY latency using detailed physical channel events and messages. Through carefully designed experiments and data analytics, we dissect various factors that influence 5G PHY latency of both downlink and uplink data transmissions, and explore their impacts on end-to-end delay. We find that while in the best cases, the 5G (mmWave) PHY-layer is capable of delivering ms/sub-ms latency (with a minimum of 0.09 ms for downlink and 0.76 ms for uplink), these happen rarely. A variety of factors such as channel conditions, re-transmissions, physical layer control and scheduling mechanisms, mobility, and application (edge) server placement can all contribute to increased 5G PHY latency (and thus end-to-end (E2E) delay). Our study provides insights to 5G vendors, carriers as well as application developers/content providers on how to better optimize or mitigate these factors for improved 5G latency performance.
@inproceedings{10.1007/978-3-031-28486-1_13, author = {Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Ramadan, Eman and Ye, Wei and Minneci, Benjamin and Xie, Jack and Narayanan, Arvind and Hassan, Ahmad and Qian, Feng and Zhang, Zhi-Li and Chandrashekar, Jaideep and Lee, Myungjin}, editor = {Brunstrom, Anna and Flores, Marcel and Fiore, Marco}, title = {An In-Depth Measurement Analysis of 5G mmWave PHY Latency and Its Impact on End-to-End Delay}, booktitle = {Passive and Active Measurement}, year = {2023}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland}, address = {Cham}, pages = {284--312}, isbn = {978-3-031-28486-1}, } - Dissecting IoT Device Provisioning ProcessRostand A. K. Fezeu, Timothy J. Salo , Amy Zhang, and 1 more authorMay 2023
@misc{fezeu2023dissectingiotdeviceprovisioning, title = {Dissecting IoT Device Provisioning Process}, author = {Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Salo, Timothy J. and Zhang, Amy and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2310.14125}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, primaryclass = {cs.NI}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.14125}, } - A Closer Look at Stand-Alone 5G Deployments from the UE PerspectiveWei Ye, Jason Carpenter , Zejun Zhang, and 3 more authorsIn 2023 IEEE International Mediterranean Conference on Communications and Networking (MeditCom), Sep 2023
5G Stand-Alone (SA) deployment is crucial for unlocking the full potential of 5G, providing significant improvements to mobile user experience and enabling the development of new applications. As mobile operators start rolling out SA-5G to the market, there remains a lack of comprehensive measurement studies, leaving many questions about its capabilities. To this end, we conducted a timely in-field measurement study in April 2023, covering two major US cities where T-Mobile has designated SA-5G as the dominant and default radio access technology. Our study gathered over 10 hours of insightful network traces under different mobility scenarios. Using these datasets, this paper examines the characteristics of the recent 5G SA deployment, data plane performance, and mobility management. Our study provides a revealing snapshot of the current state of SA-5G in the US. We show that SA-5G exhibits improved performance over NSA-5G in many areas. Whereas we also identify areas where SA-5G yields poorer performance over NSA-5G.
@inproceedings{10266621, author = {Ye, Wei and Carpenter, Jason and Zhang, Zejun and Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Qian, Feng and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE International Mediterranean Conference on Communications and Networking (MeditCom)}, title = {A Closer Look at Stand-Alone 5G Deployments from the UE Perspective}, year = {2023}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {86-91}, keywords = {5G mobile communication;Urban areas;User experience;Radio access technologies;Network Measurement;Stand-Alone 5G;Non-Stand-Alone 5G;Radio Access Network;End-to-End Performance}, doi = {10.1109/MeditCom58224.2023.10266621}, issn = {}, month = sep, }
2022
- Kaala: scalable, end-to-end, IoT system simulatorUdhaya Kumar Dayalan, Rostand A. K. Fezeu, Timothy J. Salo, and 1 more authorIn Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Networked Sensing Systems for a Sustainable Society, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Sep 2022
We introduce Kaala, a scalable, hybrid, end-to-end IoT system simulator that can integrate with diverse, real-world IoT cloud services. Many IoT simulators run in isolation and do not interface with real-world IoT cloud systems or servers. This isolation makes it difficult for experiments to fully replicate the diversity that exists in end-to-end, real-world systems. Kaala is intended to bridge the gap between IoT simulation experiments and the real world. The simulator can interact with cloud IoT services, such as those offered by Amazon, Microsoft and Google. Kaala leverages vendor-provided software development kits (SDKs) to implement the vendor-specific protocols that are necessary permit simulated IoT devices and gateways to seamlessly communicate with real-world cloud IoT systems. Kaala has the ability to simulate a large number of diverse IoT devices, as well as to simulate events that may simultaneously affect several sensors. Evaluation results show that Kaala is able to, with minimal overhead, seamlessly connect simulated IoT devices to real-world cloud IoT systems.
@inproceedings{10.1145/3538393.3544937, author = {Dayalan, Udhaya Kumar and Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Salo, Timothy J. and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, title = {Kaala: scalable, end-to-end, IoT system simulator}, year = {2022}, isbn = {9781450393928}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3538393.3544937}, doi = {10.1145/3538393.3544937}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Networked Sensing Systems for a Sustainable Society}, pages = {33–38}, numpages = {6}, keywords = {5G, IoT cloud, IoT devices, IoT gateway SDK, IoT simulator, network}, location = {Amsterdam, Netherlands}, series = {NET4us '22}, } - Prototyping a Fine-Grained QoS Framework for 5G and NextG Networks using POWDERUdhaya Kumar Dayalan, Rostand A. K. Fezeu, Timothy J. Salo, and 1 more authorIn 2022 18th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS) , Jun 2022
Unlike previous generation cellular technologies, 5G networks support diverse radio bands from low-band, mid-band to (mmWave) high-band, and offer a wide variety of new and enhanced features. In particular, 3GPP 5G standards adopt a flow-based 5G Quality-of-Service (QoS) framework that allows more flexibility in mapping QoS "flows" to data radio bearers. Nonetheless, the 5G QoS classes are pre-defined and QoS treatment is limited to the "flow" level. As we will argue in an earlier paper, the 5G QoS framework cannot fully and intelligently utilize the diversity of 5G radio bands and other capabilities to cope with fast varying channel conditions, and is therefore inadequate in meeting the quality-of-experience (QoE) requirements of many emerging applications such as augmented/virtual realities (AR/VR) and connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV). This has led us to advance a novel software-defined, fine-grained QoS framework for 5G/NextG networks.In this "work in progress" paper, we share our initial experience in prototyping the proposed fine-grained QoS framework. Our framework extends both the 5G core network and 5G radio access network (RAN) functionality to enable intelligent control of radio resources in a fashion that exploits application semantics to improve user QoE. We discuss in detail about the changes in different systems and its individual components, share the current state of implementation progress (work completed and in-progress) and finally our evaluation plan to validate the framework when the implementation is complete.
@inproceedings{9881629, author = {Dayalan, Udhaya Kumar and Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Salo, Timothy J. and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, booktitle = { 2022 18th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS) }, title = { Prototyping a Fine-Grained QoS Framework for 5G and NextG Networks using POWDER }, year = {2022}, volume = {}, issn = {}, pages = {416-419}, keywords = {Powders;5G mobile communication;Semantics;Quality of service;Sensor systems;Quality of experience;Millimeter wave communication}, doi = {10.1109/DCOSS54816.2022.00075}, url = {https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/DCOSS54816.2022.00075}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, month = jun, }
2021
- Poster: ECIoT: Case for an Edge-Centric IoT GatewayUdhaya Kumar Dayalan, Rostand A. K. Fezeu, Nitin Varyani, and 2 more authorsIn Proceedings of the 22nd International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, Virtual, United Kingdom, Jun 2021
Numerous cloud service providers (CSPs) have developed IoT gateways and devices that connect IoT devices solely to their respective clouds. We term these gateways cloud-centric. In this paper, we propose an alternative, edge-centric approach to developing IoT gateways, Edge-Centric IoT Gateways, or ECIoT. ECIoT gateways will: enable sites to direct IoT sensor data to the CSP of their choice for processing and storage and permit IoT sensor data to be easily and efficiently forwarded to multiple CSPs simultaneously, which can simplify these functions in multi-vendor IoT systems. Evaluation of a preliminary, proof-of-concept prototype suggests that the ECIoT gateway can achieve these multi-vendor objectives with minimal overhead.
@inproceedings{10.1145/3446382.3448667, author = {Dayalan, Udhaya Kumar and Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Varyani, Nitin and Salo, Timothy J. and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, title = {Poster: ECIoT: Case for an Edge-Centric IoT Gateway}, year = {2021}, isbn = {9781450383233}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3446382.3448667}, doi = {10.1145/3446382.3448667}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications}, pages = {154–156}, numpages = {3}, keywords = {IoT Gateway, IoT Edge Device, IoT Cloud}, location = {Virtual, United Kingdom}, series = {HotMobile '21}, } - VeerEdge: Towards an Edge-Centric IoT GatewayUdhaya Kumar Dayalan, Rostand A. K. Fezeu, Nitin Varyani, and 2 more authorsIn 2021 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid), May 2021
As the plethora of Internet of Things (IoT) devices gradually make their way into our lives, several Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) have developed IoT gateway platforms (SDKs) that solely connects IoT devices to their respective cloud. Such gateways have 1) cumbersome IoT device configuration; 2) inflexible IoT data managements; and 3) support no/little cross-vendor edge computation and cloud analytics. We term these commercial gateway SDKs as cloud-centric. In this paper, we study the state-of-the-art vendor-locked IoT Gateway solutions and approaches and propose an edge-centric paradigm through an evolutionary framework, dubbed VeerEdge for developing IoT gateways. We leverage computing and storage capabilities at the network edge for edge-based device & IoT service management and data processing. We exploit availability of multiple cloud services for "best" IoT data analytics. Evaluation results show that VeerEdge achieves this with negligible overhead in terms of latency, CPU and RAM usage when compared to state-of-the-art industrial IoT gateways.
@inproceedings{9499497, author = {Dayalan, Udhaya Kumar and Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Varyani, Nitin and Salo, Timothy J. and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid)}, title = {VeerEdge: Towards an Edge-Centric IoT Gateway}, year = {2021}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {690-695}, keywords = {Cloud computing;Data analysis;Random access memory;Logic gates;Internet of Things;Industrial Internet of Things;IoT devices;IoT Gateway SDK;IoT cloud}, doi = {10.1109/CCGrid51090.2021.00083}, issn = {}, month = may, } - Case for 5G-aware video streaming applicationsIn Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 1st Workshop on 5G Measurements, Modeling, and Use Cases, Virtual Event, May 2021
Recent measurement studies show that commercial mmWave 5G can indeed offer ultra-high bandwidth (up to 2 Gbps), capable of supporting bandwidth-intensive applications such as ultra-HD (UHD) 4K/8K and volumetric video streaming on mobile devices. However, mmWave 5G also exhibits highly variable throughput performance and incurs frequent handoffs (e.g., between 5G and 4G), due to its directional nature, signal blockage and other environmental factors, especially when the device is mobile. All these issues make it difficult for applications to achieve high Quality of Experience (QoE). In this paper, we advance several new mechanisms to tackle the challenges facing UHD video streaming applications over 5G networks, thereby making them em 5G-aware. We argue for the need to employ machine learning (ML) for effective throughput prediction to aid applications in intelligent bitrate adaptation. Furthermore, we advocate em adaptive content bursting, and em dynamic radio (band) switching to allow the 5G radio network to fully utilize the available radio resources under good channel/beam conditions, whereas dynamically switched radio channels/bands (e.g., from 5G high-band to low-band, or 5G to 4G) to maintain session connectivity and ensure a minimal bitrate. We conduct initial evaluation using real-world 5G throughput measurement traces. Our results show these mechanisms can help minimize, if not completely eliminate, video stalls, despite wildly varying 5G throughput.
@inproceedings{10.1145/3472771.3474036, author = {Ramadan, Eman and Narayanan, Arvind and Dayalan, Udhaya Kumar and Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Qian, Feng and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, title = {Case for 5G-aware video streaming applications}, year = {2021}, isbn = {9781450386364}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3472771.3474036}, doi = {10.1145/3472771.3474036}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 1st Workshop on 5G Measurements, Modeling, and Use Cases}, pages = {27–34}, numpages = {8}, keywords = {5G, 5G throughput, 5G-aware applications, adaptive content bursting, dynamic radio (band) switching, mmWave, volumetric video streaming}, location = {Virtual Event}, series = {5G-MeMU '21}, } - Poster: Unveiling IoT Devices Provisioning ProcessRostand A. K. Fezeu, Timothy J Salo , Amy Zhang, and 1 more authorIn Proceedings of the ACM Internet Measurement Conference, Virtual Mode, USA, May 2021
In this paper, we conduct a first measurement study to examine the provisioning process used by smart home IoT devices. Through reverse-engineering techniques, we capture, decrypt and analyze the message exchanges among IoT devices, the vendor-specific mobile app and vendor cloud services, and investigate their security and privacy implications. Furthermore, we carry out a series of experiments and demonstrate the feasibility of developing an open, edge-centric framework for device isolation and device/network/cloud segregation, with an eye towards automatically setting up, managing and securing IoT devices.
2020
- Lumos5G: Mapping and Predicting Commercial mmWave 5G ThroughputIn Proceedings of the ACM Internet Measurement Conference, Virtual Event, USA, May 2020
The emerging 5G services offer numerous new opportunities for networked applications. In this study, we seek to answer two key questions: i) is the throughput of mmWave 5G predictable, and ii) can we build "good" machine learning models for 5G throughput prediction? To this end, we conduct a measurement study of commercial mmWave 5G services in a major U.S. city, focusing on the throughput as perceived by applications running on user equipment (UE). Through extensive experiments and statistical analysis, we identify key UE-side factors that affect 5G performance and quantify to what extent the 5G throughput can be predicted. We then propose Lumos5G – a composable machine learning (ML) framework that judiciously considers features and their combinations, and apply state-of-the-art ML techniques for making context-aware 5G throughput predictions. We demonstrate that our framework is able to achieve 1.37X to 4.84X reduction in prediction error compared to existing models. Our work can be viewed as a feasibility study for building what we envisage as a dynamic 5G throughput map (akin to Google traffic map). We believe this approach provides opportunities and challenges in building future 5G-aware apps.
@inproceedings{10.1145/3419394.3423629, author = {Narayanan, Arvind and Ramadan, Eman and Mehta, Rishabh and Hu, Xinyue and Liu, Qingxu and Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Dayalan, Udhaya Kumar and Verma, Saurabh and Ji, Peiqi and Li, Tao and Qian, Feng and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, title = {Lumos5G: Mapping and Predicting Commercial mmWave 5G Throughput}, year = {2020}, isbn = {9781450381383}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3419394.3423629}, doi = {10.1145/3419394.3423629}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Internet Measurement Conference}, pages = {176–193}, numpages = {18}, keywords = {5G, Lumos5G, bandwidth estimation, deep learning, machine learning, mmWave, prediction, throughput prediction}, location = {Virtual Event, USA}, series = {IMC '20}, } - Anomalous Model-Driven-Telemetry Network-Stream BGP DetectionRostand A. K. Fezeu, and Zhi-Li ZhangIn 2020 IEEE 28th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP), Oct 2020
There is a growing demand for real-time analysis of network data streams. In recent years, Model Driven Telemetry (MDT) has been developed - in place of conventional methods such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), Syslog and CLI commands - to provide a fine-grain holistic view of a network at the control, data and management planes. High-frequency MDT data streams generated from network devices enable new ways of designing Network Operation and Management (OAM) solutions, laying the foundation for future "self-driving" networks.In this paper we study anomaly detection using MDT data streams in a data center environment. In many commercial data centers, BGP is re-purposed for (policy-driven, path-based) intra-routing (as opposed to inter-domain routing that it was originally designed for) to take advantage of rich path diversity. Several vendors have developed MDT data models using YANG that allow routers/switches to express and stream various BGP features for (centralized) network OAM operations. We develop a systematic MDT data processing and feature selection framework that is portable to multiple MDT vendors. Furthermore, we advance NetCorDenstream that builds and improves upon OutlierDenStream proposed in [10] for real-time detection of streamed anomalous MDT data. We show that NetCorDenstream achieves a 59% reduction in alarms raised when compared with OutlierDenStream, thereby reducing the (attention) burden placed on network operators. In particular, it increases alarm detection precision significantly while decreasing false alarms at the expense of a slightly delayed response time.
@inproceedings{9259411, author = {Fezeu, Rostand A. K. and Zhang, Zhi-Li}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE 28th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP)}, title = {Anomalous Model-Driven-Telemetry Network-Stream BGP Detection}, year = {2020}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-6}, keywords = {Telemetry;Routing protocols;Data centers;Data models;Anomaly detection;Task analysis;Feature extraction;OutlierDenStream;NetCorDenStream;MDT Data}, doi = {10.1109/ICNP49622.2020.9259411}, issn = {2643-3303}, month = oct, series = {ICNP '20}, }